8+ Best Revlon Burgundy Hair Color Shades & Swatches


8+ Best Revlon Burgundy Hair Color Shades & Swatches

This wealthy, reddish-brown hue provided by a well-liked cosmetics model is a vibrant and versatile alternative for these looking for a dramatic change or refined enhancement. Usually described as a deep, wine-inspired shade, it could possibly vary from a extra purple-toned burgundy to a pink with brown undertones, relying on the precise product and the person’s pure hair shade. The ensuing shade generally is a placing assertion or a complicated complement to varied pores and skin tones and kinds.

The recognition of this specific shade stems from its capability so as to add depth and dimension to the hair, making a visually interesting and infrequently glamorous look. This shade household has loved cyclical recognition all through historical past, usually related to luxurious and boldness. From historical dyes derived from pure sources to trendy formulations, deep reds have persistently held a spot on this planet of magnificence. The continued enchantment lies in its capability to remodel one’s look, providing a way of confidence and particular person expression.

Additional exploration of this subject will delve into particular product traces, utility methods, upkeep ideas, and concerns for attaining optimum outcomes. Selecting a hair shade is a private journey, and understanding the nuances of a selected shade, comparable to this vibrant possibility, can empower knowledgeable choices and contribute to a satisfying end result.

1. Shade Variations

Throughout the “burgundy” descriptor provided by Revlon exists a spectrum of nuanced shades. This variation permits for personalised shade choice based mostly on particular person preferences and present hair shade. The precise shade achieved depends upon elements like the bottom pigment of the hair and the chosen product inside the burgundy household. For instance, somebody with lighter hair may obtain a brighter, extra vibrant burgundy, whereas somebody with darker hair may expertise a richer, deeper tone. Merchandise labeled as “burgundy brown,” “deep burgundy,” or “violet burgundy” exemplify this vary. Understanding these refined variations is essential for managing expectations and attaining the specified outcome.

This vary arises from the interaction of pink, brown, and generally violet pigments inside the hair dye formulation. The focus of every pigment dictates the ultimate shade. The next focus of brown ends in a extra subdued, brownish-burgundy, whereas the next focus of pink or violet yields extra intense, vibrant hues. This enables for personalization; some might choose a refined burgundy tint, whereas others search a daring, assertion shade. The interaction of those pigments permits for a gradient of shade prospects inside the burgundy household, catering to a variety of aesthetic preferences.

Cautious consideration of those shade variations is important for a passable coloring expertise. Consulting shade charts, on-line opinions with pictures, and even conducting strand checks can present invaluable perception into the potential end result. Understanding how these variations work together with particular person hair traits permits for knowledgeable decision-making and contributes to attaining a desired and flattering burgundy shade. This nuanced method to paint choice ensures larger management over the ultimate outcome and minimizes the potential for sudden or undesired outcomes.

2. Longevity

Shade longevity is a key consideration when choosing any hair shade, together with shades inside the burgundy household provided by Revlon. Sustaining the vibrancy and richness of this specific shade requires an understanding of things influencing its lifespan. A number of components contribute to how lengthy the specified shade persists, impacting the frequency of touch-ups and general upkeep.

  • Hair Sort and Texture

    Hair porosity and texture considerably affect shade retention. Coarse, extremely porous hair might take in shade rapidly but additionally launch it sooner, resulting in faster fading. Positive, much less porous hair might require longer processing instances to attain the specified depth of shade, however may retain the colour for an extended length. These inherent variations necessitate tailor-made approaches to product choice and upkeep routines.

  • Product Formulation

    Everlasting, demi-permanent, and short-term shade formulations provide various levels of longevity. Everlasting colours sometimes final the longest, penetrating the hair shaft and altering its construction. Demi-permanent choices deposit shade with out altering the hair’s pure pigment, providing a much less everlasting resolution with shorter longevity. Short-term colours coat the hair floor and wash out rapidly. Selecting the best formulation aligns with particular person wants and desired shade length.

  • Aftercare Practices

    Correct hair care practices are essential for preserving shade vibrancy. Using color-safe shampoos and conditioners, minimizing publicity to harsh chemical compounds, and avoiding extreme warmth styling can considerably prolong the lifetime of the colour. Specialised merchandise designed for color-treated hair assist keep the integrity of the colour molecules, stopping untimely fading and preserving richness.

  • Environmental Elements

    Publicity to daylight, chlorine, and arduous water can speed up shade fading. UV rays from the solar can break down shade molecules, resulting in dullness and lack of vibrancy. Chlorine can strip hair of its shade, whereas arduous water can deposit minerals that intrude with shade retention. Protecting measures like utilizing UV-protectant sprays and sporting swim caps can mitigate these results, preserving shade integrity for an extended interval.

Contemplating these elements helps handle expectations relating to the longevity of Revlon’s burgundy hair shade. Understanding how hair kind, product formulation, aftercare practices, and environmental elements work together permits people to undertake methods for maximizing shade retention. This knowledgeable method ensures a extra satisfying and predictable coloring expertise, sustaining the specified burgundy shade for an prolonged interval.

3. Utility Course of

Attaining the specified outcomes with a Revlon burgundy hair shade product hinges considerably on correct utility. This course of, although seemingly simple, includes essential steps that affect the ultimate shade end result, evenness, and longevity. Understanding these steps and their influence is important for a profitable and satisfying coloring expertise.

  • Preparation

    Earlier than making use of any hair shade product, correct preparation is essential. This consists of defending clothes and surfaces from staining, conducting a patch check to test for allergic reactions, and guaranteeing hair is clear and untangled. For Revlon burgundy shades, particularly vibrant or darker tones, pre-color therapies or barrier lotions will help forestall staining on the pores and skin across the hairline. Thorough preparation units the stage for even shade distribution and minimizes undesirable negative effects.

  • Product Utility

    Following the producer’s directions exactly is paramount. Revlon merchandise sometimes embody detailed directions tailor-made to the precise formulation. This consists of info on mixing ratios, utility methods, and processing instances. Even distribution of the product is essential for attaining uniform shade saturation, significantly with vibrant shades like burgundy. Sectioning the hair and making use of the product systematically ensures full protection and minimizes streaking or unevenness.

  • Processing Time

    Adhering to the really helpful processing time, as indicated on the product packaging, is important. Inadequate processing may end up in underdeveloped shade, whereas extreme processing can harm the hair and result in uneven or undesired shade outcomes. Burgundy shades, usually containing intense pigments, necessitate exact timing to attain the specified depth and richness with out compromising hair well being.

  • Rinsing and Aftercare

    As soon as the processing time is full, thorough rinsing with lukewarm water is critical to take away all traces of the product. Utilizing a color-safe conditioner helps seal the cuticle and lock within the shade, enhancing its longevity. Revlon usually recommends particular aftercare merchandise designed to enrich their hair shade formulations. These merchandise assist keep the vibrancy and richness of the burgundy shade whereas defending the hair from harm.

The applying course of immediately influences the ultimate look and longevity of Revlon burgundy hair shade. Cautious consideration to every step, from preparation to aftercare, is important for maximizing shade payoff and attaining the specified outcome. A methodical method, mixed with adherence to product-specific directions, ensures a extra predictable and satisfying end result, revealing the complete potential of the chosen burgundy shade.

4. Hair Sort Suitability

The suitability of a selected hair shade, comparable to Revlon’s burgundy shades, is considerably influenced by the person’s pure hair traits. Understanding these traits and their influence on shade absorption, retention, and general look is essential for attaining desired outcomes. Hair kind, together with texture, porosity, and former therapies, performs a big function in how the burgundy shade will seem and the way lengthy it’ll final.

  • Pure Hair Shade

    The place to begin, or pure hair shade, considerably impacts the ultimate end result of a burgundy dye utility. Lighter hair colours, comparable to blondes and lightweight browns, present a extra receptive canvas for the burgundy pigments, usually leading to a brighter, truer-to-tone outcome. Darker hair colours, comparable to darkish browns and black, might require pre-lightening or bleaching to attain the specified vibrancy and forestall the burgundy from showing muted or ashy. The pure underlying pigment influences the ultimate shade achieved, probably shifting it hotter or cooler relying on the person’s hair composition.

  • Hair Porosity

    Hair porosity, or the hair’s capability to soak up moisture, immediately impacts how properly it absorbs and retains shade. Extremely porous hair absorbs shade rapidly however might also fade extra quickly. Low porosity hair, then again, might resist shade absorption, requiring longer processing instances or pre-treatment to make sure satisfactory saturation. Understanding one’s hair porosity helps decide the suitable product and utility methodology for attaining and sustaining the specified burgundy shade. Specialised merchandise for various porosity ranges can be found to optimize the coloring course of.

  • Hair Texture

    Hair texture, starting from advantageous to coarse, influences how the colour seems and distributes. Positive hair sometimes processes shade extra rapidly and will seem extra saturated, whereas coarse hair might require longer processing instances and extra product to attain even protection. The feel additionally impacts how mild displays off the hair, affecting the perceived vibrancy and depth of the burgundy shade. Understanding these textural nuances permits for higher management over the appliance course of and ensures uniform shade distribution.

  • Earlier Chemical Therapies

    Earlier chemical therapies, comparable to perms, relaxers, or earlier shade functions, can considerably alter the hair’s construction and its capability to simply accept and retain shade. These therapies could make the hair extra porous or inclined to wreck, probably resulting in uneven shade absorption or undesired outcomes when making use of a burgundy shade. Assessing the historical past of chemical therapies permits for knowledgeable product choice and utility changes to reduce potential hostile results and obtain the specified shade end result whereas preserving hair well being.

Cautious consideration of hair kind is paramount when selecting and making use of a Revlon burgundy hair shade. Understanding how pure shade, porosity, texture, and former therapies work together with the chosen shade permits for knowledgeable choices and optimized utility methods. This tailor-made method ensures a extra predictable and satisfying end result, maximizing the potential for attaining the specified burgundy hue whereas sustaining hair well being and integrity.

5. Upkeep

Sustaining the vibrancy and richness of Revlon burgundy hair shade requires a devoted routine. This shade household, recognized for its depth and depth, is especially vulnerable to fading and tonal shifts if not correctly cared for. The upkeep course of includes particular product selections and practices designed to protect the colour’s integrity and forestall untimely dullness. This dedication extends the lifespan of the colour, maximizing the funding and guaranteeing a persistently interesting look.

A number of elements contribute to paint degradation, necessitating proactive upkeep methods. Washing with shampoos and conditioners formulated for color-treated hair is important. These merchandise sometimes comprise milder cleaning brokers and elements that assist lock in shade molecules, minimizing shade stripping throughout washes. Moreover, minimizing publicity to harsh environmental components like UV radiation and chlorine is essential. UV rays can break down shade molecules, resulting in fading, whereas chlorine can strip the hair of its shade. Protecting measures, comparable to utilizing UV-protectant sprays and sporting a swim cap, are really helpful. Warmth styling, whereas usually fascinating for attaining particular appears to be like, can even contribute to paint fading. Limiting the usage of heat-styling instruments or utilizing warmth protectants can mitigate this impact. Deep conditioning therapies formulated for color-treated hair present added nourishment and assist keep the hair’s well being and vibrancy, additional extending the lifetime of the burgundy shade.

Constant upkeep is essential for preserving the specified burgundy shade and stopping undesirable tonal shifts. With out correct care, the colour can fade to a much less vibrant hue and even shift in the direction of undesirable undertones. For instance, a vibrant burgundy may fade to a duller pink or develop brassy undertones. Common touch-ups, utilizing both a full utility of the unique shade or a color-refreshing gloss, are sometimes obligatory to take care of the specified depth and tone. The frequency of touch-ups depends upon particular person elements like hair development charge, way of life, and adherence to the really helpful upkeep practices. Finally, a proactive and constant method to upkeep ensures the longevity and vibrancy of the Revlon burgundy hair shade, preserving its richness and depth for an prolonged interval.

6. Complementary Tones

The effectiveness of a hair shade, significantly a wealthy shade like Revlon’s burgundy, is considerably enhanced by its concord with a person’s pure coloring. This concord hinges on the precept of complementary tones, encompassing pores and skin tone, eye shade, and pure hair shade. A well-chosen burgundy shade enhances these underlying tones, making a cohesive and flattering general look. Conversely, a mismatch may end up in a jarring impact, diminishing the influence of the chosen shade. Understanding these relationships permits for knowledgeable shade choice, maximizing the potential for a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing outcome.

Usually, burgundy hair shade tends to flatter people with cool or impartial pores and skin undertones. Cool pores and skin tones usually exhibit pink or blue undertones, whereas impartial pores and skin tones possess a steadiness of heat and funky traits. The cool tones of burgundy, significantly these with violet or purple undertones, create a placing distinction in opposition to these complexions, enhancing each the hair shade and the pores and skin’s pure radiance. Heat pores and skin tones, characterised by yellow or golden undertones, might require cautious consideration when choosing a burgundy shade. Hotter burgundies, with extra pronounced pink or brown undertones, are inclined to harmonize higher with heat complexions, stopping a conflict of tones and sustaining a balanced look. Eye shade additionally performs a job; inexperienced and blue eyes usually profit from the contrasting richness of burgundy, whereas brown eyes will be enhanced by the heat of red-toned burgundies. Consideration of those elements permits for a personalised method to paint choice, guaranteeing the chosen burgundy shade enhances the person’s distinctive options.

Profitable integration of a burgundy shade requires cautious analysis of the interaction between hair shade and pure coloring. A talented colorist can present personalised suggestions, contemplating the person’s pores and skin tone, eye shade, and pure hair shade to find out essentially the most flattering shade inside the burgundy spectrum. This personalised method maximizes the potential for attaining a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing end result. Ignoring the precept of complementary tones can result in a disjointed look, the place the hair shade seems indifferent from the person’s general look. This disconnect can detract from the meant impact of the burgundy shade, diminishing its potential to reinforce pure options and create a cohesive aesthetic. A holistic method, recognizing the interdependence of hair shade and complementary tones, is essential for attaining a really flattering and personalised outcome.

7. Potential Fading

Sustaining the specified vibrancy of a wealthy, deep shade like Revlon burgundy hair shade requires an understanding of its potential for fading. This shade household, on account of its depth, is especially vulnerable to paint degradation over time. Numerous elements contribute to this course of, impacting each the pace and sample of fading. Acknowledging these elements permits for proactive measures to mitigate shade loss and keep the specified shade for an prolonged interval.

  • Wash Frequency and Merchandise

    Frequent washing, particularly with shampoos containing harsh sulfates, can strip the hair of shade molecules, resulting in accelerated fading. Using color-safe shampoos and conditioners, particularly designed to guard color-treated hair, helps decrease shade loss throughout washing. The selection of cleaning merchandise performs an important function in preserving the richness and longevity of burgundy shades. For instance, shampoos containing sulfates can strip the hair of its shade, whereas color-safe alternate options assist keep vibrancy for an extended length.

  • Environmental Publicity

    Publicity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from daylight can break down shade molecules, inflicting the burgundy shade to fade and lose its vibrancy. Equally, publicity to chlorine in swimming swimming pools can strip the hair of its shade, resulting in noticeable fading and discoloration. Protecting measures, comparable to utilizing UV-protectant sprays for hair and sporting a swim cap, assist decrease the influence of those environmental elements. As an illustration, extended solar publicity may cause noticeable fading, significantly in vibrant shades like burgundy.

  • Hair Porosity

    Hair porosity, which refers back to the hair’s capability to soak up and retain moisture, influences how properly it retains shade. Extremely porous hair, usually characterised by a raised cuticle, absorbs shade rapidly but additionally releases it extra readily, resulting in sooner fading. Conversely, low porosity hair, with a tighter cuticle, retains shade higher however might require longer processing instances throughout preliminary utility. Understanding hair porosity helps tailor product selections and utility strategies to optimize shade retention. Extremely porous hair, for instance, advantages from deep conditioning therapies and merchandise designed to seal the cuticle and lock in shade.

  • Warmth Styling Practices

    Extreme warmth styling, by the usage of instruments like hair dryers, straighteners, and curling irons, can contribute to paint fading. Excessive temperatures can harm the hair cuticle, main to paint loss and general dullness. Minimizing warmth styling or utilizing warmth protectant merchandise will help protect the colour’s integrity and forestall accelerated fading. Frequent use of high-heat styling instruments, with out correct warmth safety, can result in noticeable shade fading and dryness, significantly in vibrant shades.

Understanding the elements that contribute to potential fading permits for proactive steps to protect the richness and vibrancy of Revlon burgundy hair shade. By addressing these elements by applicable product selections, conscious hair care practices, and protecting measures, people can keep the specified shade for an extended length, minimizing the necessity for frequent touch-ups and maximizing the general influence of the colour. This information empowers knowledgeable choices and contributes to a extra satisfying and predictable coloring expertise with Revlon burgundy shades.

8. Shade Depth

Shade depth is a defining attribute of Revlon’s burgundy hair shade choices and a vital issue influencing product choice and general satisfaction. This attribute refers back to the richness, depth, and saturation of the colour, distinguishing a vibrant, true burgundy from a muted or washed-out model. A number of elements contribute to the depth of a burgundy hair shade, impacting its visible influence and longevity. The formulation itself performs an important function; larger concentrations of pigments usually yield extra intense outcomes. Utility methods, together with correct saturation and processing time, additionally affect the ultimate depth achieved. As an illustration, a correctly saturated utility, guaranteeing each strand is coated with the product, ends in a extra uniform and intense shade payoff in comparison with a sparsely utilized product. Understanding the elements affecting shade depth empowers knowledgeable product selections and utility methods.

The specified depth usually correlates with particular person preferences and desired outcomes. Some people might choose a refined burgundy tint, choosing a much less intense formulation or shorter processing time. Others search a daring, statement-making burgundy, requiring a product particularly designed for max depth and meticulous utility. Attaining the specified depth degree is essential for realizing the meant aesthetic. A muted burgundy might not present the dramatic transformation desired by somebody looking for a vibrant look, whereas an excessively intense shade may overwhelm a subtler aesthetic. Actual-life examples illustrate this precept. A deep, saturated burgundy can create a dramatic, glamorous look, complementing night put on and daring make-up. A softer, much less intense burgundy is perhaps extra appropriate for on a regular basis put on, complementing knowledgeable or informal model. These nuances underscore the sensible significance of understanding shade depth.

Efficiently navigating the spectrum of burgundy shade intensities provided by Revlon requires cautious consideration of particular person preferences, desired outcomes, and the interaction of product formulation and utility methods. Challenges can come up from mismatched expectations, improper utility, or overlooking the influence of hair traits on shade uptake. Understanding the nuances of shade depth empowers knowledgeable choices, maximizing the potential for attaining a satisfying and personalised burgundy hair shade outcome. This information contributes to a extra predictable and rewarding coloring expertise, the place the achieved shade depth aligns with the person’s imaginative and prescient and enhances their general look.

Continuously Requested Questions

Addressing frequent inquiries relating to this particular hair shade offers readability and facilitates knowledgeable choices.

Query 1: How lengthy does this sometimes final earlier than noticeable fading happens?

Longevity depends upon the precise product (everlasting, demi-permanent, or short-term), hair porosity, and upkeep practices. Everlasting formulations usually provide the longest-lasting shade, whereas demi-permanent and short-term choices fade extra rapidly. Adhering to really helpful aftercare practices, comparable to utilizing color-safe merchandise, can considerably prolong the lifetime of the colour.

Query 2: Does one have to pre-lighten hair earlier than making use of this particular shade?

Pre-lightening could also be obligatory for these with darker pure hair colours who need a vibrant, true-to-tone burgundy outcome. Lighter hair colours sometimes obtain the specified shade with out pre-lightening. Seek the advice of knowledgeable stylist for personalised recommendation based mostly on particular person hair traits and the specified depth of the burgundy shade.

Query 3: Are there particular shampoos and conditioners really helpful for sustaining this specific shade?

Using color-safe shampoos and conditioners is essential for preserving the vibrancy and richness of this shade. These specialised merchandise are formulated to reduce shade stripping and keep the integrity of the hair shade molecules. Merchandise particularly designed for pink or color-treated hair are usually really helpful. They usually comprise elements that assist lock in shade and forestall untimely fading, extending the lifetime of the burgundy shade.

Query 4: Can this specific shade be achieved on beforehand color-treated hair?

Utility on beforehand color-treated hair is feasible, however the end result depends upon the present shade and the historical past of chemical therapies. Consulting knowledgeable stylist is advisable, significantly when transitioning from considerably completely different colours or if the hair has undergone intensive chemical processing. An expert evaluation will help decide one of the best method for attaining the specified burgundy shade whereas minimizing potential harm or undesired shade outcomes.

Query 5: How can one mitigate staining in the course of the utility course of?

Defending pores and skin and surfaces from staining is important in the course of the utility course of. Making use of a barrier cream across the hairline, sporting gloves, and masking clothes and surfaces with protecting supplies can forestall undesirable staining. Following the producer’s directions rigorously and dealing in a well-ventilated space additionally minimizes the danger of staining and ensures a cleaner utility course of.

Query 6: What are the undertones sometimes discovered inside this particular shade household?

This shade household encompasses a wide range of undertones, starting from pink and violet to brown. Particular product names usually point out these undertones, comparable to “burgundy brown,” “violet burgundy,” or “deep burgundy.” Understanding these undertones helps in choosing essentially the most flattering shade based mostly on particular person pores and skin tone and desired end result. Some burgundy shades lean in the direction of hotter pink or brown undertones, whereas others possess cooler violet or purple undertones. This nuanced vary permits for personalised shade choice inside the broader burgundy household.

Cautious consideration of those steadily requested questions empowers knowledgeable product choice, utility, and upkeep of this distinct hair shade. Addressing potential considerations and misconceptions beforehand contributes to a extra satisfying and predictable coloring expertise.

The next part gives extra ideas and sources for attaining and sustaining optimum outcomes with this particular shade. It delves into superior methods, troubleshooting frequent points, and explores complementary hair care practices.

Ideas for Attaining and Sustaining Optimum Outcomes

Attaining and sustaining a vibrant, long-lasting burgundy hue requires consideration to element and proactive care. The next ideas present steerage for maximizing shade payoff and longevity.

Tip 1: Strand Check: Conducting a strand check earlier than full utility is essential. This enables one to preview the colour outcome on their particular hair kind and modify processing time accordingly. It additionally helps gauge potential allergic reactions.

Tip 2: Correct Product Choice: Selecting the right shade and formulation inside the burgundy household is paramount. Contemplate pure hair shade, desired depth, and dedication degree (everlasting, demi-permanent, or short-term) when choosing a product.

Tip 3: Exact Utility: Following the producer’s directions meticulously ensures even shade distribution and minimizes undesirable outcomes. Sectioning hair and making use of the product systematically promotes uniform protection.

Tip 4: Shade-Protected Merchandise: Using shampoos, conditioners, and styling merchandise particularly formulated for color-treated hair helps protect shade vibrancy and forestall untimely fading. These merchandise are gentler and assist keep the integrity of the colour molecules.

Tip 5: Warmth Safety: Minimizing warmth styling or utilizing warmth protectant merchandise earlier than making use of warmth helps forestall shade fading and harm brought on by excessive temperatures. Extreme warmth can degrade shade molecules and result in dullness.

Tip 6: Solar Safety: Defending hair from UV radiation by the usage of UV-protectant sprays or sporting a hat helps forestall shade fading brought on by solar publicity. UV rays can break down shade molecules, resulting in a lack of vibrancy.

Tip 7: Deep Conditioning: Incorporating common deep conditioning therapies into one’s hair care routine helps keep hair well being and shade vibrancy. Deep conditioners replenish moisture and vitamins misplaced in the course of the coloring course of, selling more healthy, extra vibrant-looking hair.

Tip 8: Skilled Session: Looking for steerage from knowledgeable stylist, particularly for complicated shade transformations or corrective work, is invaluable. Skilled experience ensures personalised suggestions and optimum outcomes.

Adhering to those ideas maximizes the potential for attaining a vibrant, long-lasting burgundy shade whereas sustaining hair well being. These practices guarantee predictable outcomes and a satisfying coloring expertise.

The concluding part will summarize the important thing advantages and concerns mentioned all through this exploration of attaining and sustaining a wealthy, flattering burgundy hair shade.

Conclusion

Exploration of Revlon burgundy hair shade reveals a multifaceted subject encompassing shade variations, utility methods, upkeep practices, and suitability concerns. Attaining desired outcomes hinges on understanding the interaction of particular person hair traits, product formulation, and diligent aftercare. From preliminary product choice to long-term upkeep, knowledgeable selections empower profitable navigation of the complexities inherent in attaining and preserving this wealthy, dynamic shade.

Finally, profitable implementation of this vibrant shade requires a complete method. Cautious consideration of particular person elements, mixed with a dedication to correct methods and constant upkeep, unlocks the complete potential of Revlon burgundy hair shade, reworking aspirations right into a tangible expression of private model and confidence.